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C# Math

C# provides a comprehensive Math class within the System namespace that offers a wide range of mathematical functions and constants for performing various operations. These functions cover a broad spectrum of mathematical concepts, including arithmetic, trigonometry, statistics, and more.

Arithmetic Functions

Arithmetic functions perform basic mathematical operations on numbers. The following are some commonly used arithmetic functions in C#:

  • Math.Abs(x): Returns the absolute value of x.
  • Math.Pow(x, y): Raises x to the power of y.
  • Math.Sqrt(x): Returns the square root of x.
  • Math.Max(x, y): Returns the larger of x and y.
  • Math.Min(x, y): Returns the smaller of x and y.

Example:

double number1 = 10.5;

double number2 = -4.3;

 

double absoluteValue = Math.Abs(number2);

double power = Math.Pow(2, 3);

double squareRoot = Math.Sqrt(16);

double maximum = Math.Max(number1, number2);

double minimum = Math.Min(number1, number2);

 

Console.WriteLine("Absolute value: " + absoluteValue);

Console.WriteLine("Power: " + power);

Console.WriteLine("Square root: " + squareRoot);

Console.WriteLine("Maximum: " + maximum);

Console.WriteLine("Minimum: " + minimum);

 

Trigonometric Functions

Trigonometric functions deal with the relationships between angles and sides of triangles. The following are some commonly used trigonometric functions in C#:

  • Math.Sin(x): Returns the sine of angle x (in radians).
  • Math.Cos(x): Returns the cosine of angle x (in radians).
  • Math.Tan(x): Returns the tangent of angle x (in radians).

Example:

double angle = 45.0 * Math.PI / 180.0; // Convert degrees to radians

 

double sine = Math.Sin(angle);

double cosine = Math.Cos(angle);

double tangent = Math.Tan(angle);

 

Console.WriteLine("Sine: " + sine);

Console.WriteLine("Cosine: " + cosine);

Console.WriteLine("Tangent: " + tangent);

 

Statistical Functions

Statistical functions deal with the analysis and interpretation of data. The following are some commonly used statistical functions in C#:

  • Math.Round(x): Rounds x to the nearest integer.
  • Math.Floor(x): Floors x to the nearest integer towards negative infinity.
  • Math.Ceiling(x): Ceils x to the nearest integer towards positive infinity.

Example:

double number = 3.14159;

 

double roundedNumber = Math.Round(number, 2); // Round to 2 decimal places

double flooredNumber = Math.Floor(number);

double ceiledNumber = Math.Ceiling(number);

 

Console.WriteLine("Rounded number: " + roundedNumber);

Console.WriteLine("Floored number: " + flooredNumber);

Console.WriteLine("Ceiled number: " + ceiledNumber);

 

Mathematical Constants

The Math class provides several predefined mathematical constants, such as:

  • Math.E: Represents the natural logarithmic base, approximately 2.718.
  • Math.PI: Represents the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately 3.14159.

Example:

double radius = 5.0;

double area = Math.PI * Math.Pow(radius, 2);

 

Console.WriteLine("Area of a circle with radius 5.0: " + area);

 

These functions and constants provide a powerful toolkit for performing various mathematical operations in C# programs.